What is Water?
.Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O). An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains its properties. Atoms consists of protons, electrons, and neutrons. Atoms are usually neutrally charged because the number of protons and electrons are even. When two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom combine to form a water molecule, each hydrogen atom shares its single electron with the oxygen, and the oxygen atom shares one of its electrons with the hydrogen atom.
.Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O). An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains its properties. Atoms consists of protons, electrons, and neutrons. Atoms are usually neutrally charged because the number of protons and electrons are even. When two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom combine to form a water molecule, each hydrogen atom shares its single electron with the oxygen, and the oxygen atom shares one of its electrons with the hydrogen atom.
Protons: have a positive charge
Electrons: have a negative charge
Neutrons: have no charge (neutral)
Ions: unevenly charged atoms
Electrons: have a negative charge
Neutrons: have no charge (neutral)
Ions: unevenly charged atoms
Water is a Polar Molecule:
.Shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom carries a slightly positive charge while the oxygen atom carries a slightly negative charge. In other words, the oxygen atom is negative and the hydrogen atom is positive. Because of that, the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms are attracted to each other.
.Hydrogen Bonding is a weak attraction between the weakly positive hydrogen atoms and the weakly negative oxygen atoms of a different molecule. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the unique properties of water. That's mean they all gather together to make water.
.Shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom carries a slightly positive charge while the oxygen atom carries a slightly negative charge. In other words, the oxygen atom is negative and the hydrogen atom is positive. Because of that, the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms are attracted to each other.
.Hydrogen Bonding is a weak attraction between the weakly positive hydrogen atoms and the weakly negative oxygen atoms of a different molecule. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the unique properties of water. That's mean they all gather together to make water.
Water is a Universal Solvent: Polarity of water gives it the ability to dissolve most compounds. The positive hydrogen side of water is attracted to the negative parts of the compound it is dissolving. Negative oxygen is attracted to the positive parts. This allows water to dissolve and break apart ironically charged substances. Cohesion is when water is attracted to other water molecules. This helps trees pull water high up into their branches. Water is able to pull itself into a shape with the smallest amount of surface area. Surface tension is the attraction of water molecules to themselves helps to create a "film" on the surface of bodies of water. Small critters can "walk" across the water. Adhesion is when water is attracted to other materials.
States of Matter: Water exists in 3 phases: Liquid (water), Solid (ice), and Gas (steam/water vapor). Temperature of a substance is a measure of the kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules which is measured in degrees (Celsius- science), Fahrenheit in US. Heat is a measure of the total kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules which are measured in calories. One calorie is equal to the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of by 1 degree Celsius.
Effects of Heat on Water : High heat of vaporization happens when a hydrogen bond must be broken, so water can absorb a lot of heat without changing phase. It evaporates slowly causing the cooling effect when you sweat. Water has to boil at a high temperature. Most of the water on Earth is a liquid which is good for the oceans. High latent heat of fusion happens when a lot of heat is released when water freezes and a lot of heat is absorbed when ice melts. Water temperature is more stable than air temperature and water moderates climates. When water has a specific heat, it can absorb high specific heat of water which helps regulate the rate at which air changes temperature, which is why the temperature change of seasons is so gradual, not sudden, especially near large bodies of water like the oceans.
Density is when the physical property of a substance that describes the degree of compactness of a substance or how closely packed together the atoms are. The more closely packed the atoms are in a substance, the more dense it is.
Density= mass/volume
Density is when the physical property of a substance that describes the degree of compactness of a substance or how closely packed together the atoms are. The more closely packed the atoms are in a substance, the more dense it is.
Density= mass/volume