Chapter #13: PPT- Guided Viewing Notes
1: What is biodiversity? What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
4 elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen make up 99% of the mass of all living things . Earth organisms are composed about 23 of the 107 known chemical elements. Biodiversity is the diversity of the species.
2: What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis converts massive amount of Sunlight into electrical and then chemical energy. The input is carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), minerals and light, and the output is carbohydrates (food) that we need for our nourishment, and oxygen that we need to breathe
3: Describe the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy
in animals?
Sugar-molecules. Energy is degraded (that is transformed into a less useful form). Carbohydrates are the main stage molecule of energy in animals.
4: What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.
5: What is primary productivity a measure of?
is the syntheis of organic material is measured in grams of carbin bound into carbohydrates per meter of ocean surface are per year.
6: Looking at the map of productivity around the world?
There is more nutrients carried by the currents near them. As well there is a good productivity near the poles for the same reason.
1: What is biodiversity? What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
4 elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen make up 99% of the mass of all living things . Earth organisms are composed about 23 of the 107 known chemical elements. Biodiversity is the diversity of the species.
2: What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis converts massive amount of Sunlight into electrical and then chemical energy. The input is carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), minerals and light, and the output is carbohydrates (food) that we need for our nourishment, and oxygen that we need to breathe
3: Describe the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy
in animals?
Sugar-molecules. Energy is degraded (that is transformed into a less useful form). Carbohydrates are the main stage molecule of energy in animals.
4: What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.
5: What is primary productivity a measure of?
is the syntheis of organic material is measured in grams of carbin bound into carbohydrates per meter of ocean surface are per year.
6: Looking at the map of productivity around the world?
There is more nutrients carried by the currents near them. As well there is a good productivity near the poles for the same reason.
Define the following:
Autotrophs: bring energy from nonliving sources into the communityHeterotrophs: Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy.
Trophic pyramid: A model used that describes who eats whom.
Primary consumers: These organisms eat the producers.
Secondary Consumers: These organisms eat primary consumers.
Top consumers: The top of the tropic pyramid.
Autotrophs: bring energy from nonliving sources into the communityHeterotrophs: Organisms that must consume other organisms for energy.
Trophic pyramid: A model used that describes who eats whom.
Primary consumers: These organisms eat the producers.
Secondary Consumers: These organisms eat primary consumers.
Top consumers: The top of the tropic pyramid.
8: What are some atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
Carbon ,Nitrogen , Phosphorus and silicon, Iron and trace metals.
Carbon ,Nitrogen , Phosphorus and silicon, Iron and trace metals.
9: Diagram the Carbon Cycle in the Ocean:
10: Diagram the Nitrogen Cycle in the Ocean:
11: Diagram the Phosphorus Cycle:
12: What is a limiting factor in ecosystems? A limiting factor is any environmental factor that restricts the ecological niche of an organism. Limiting factors are based on the law of supply and demand. Those factors (resources) whose supply is less than demand can influence the distribution of species within a community. Examples of limiting factors include soil, minerals, temperature extremes, and water availability.
13: What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
The most important factors are :
Feeding relationship, Crowding, Metabolic waste and Defense of territory .
15: Define the following zones:
Euphotic: This bright ocean layer is called the sunlit zone or the euphotic zone
Disphotic: The middle layer of the world's oceans receives only faint, filtered sunlight during the daytime. This is because the seawater absorbs the sunlight. This barely-lit ocean layer is called the twilight zone or the disphotic zone
Aphotic: The deepest layer of the world's oceans gets no sunlight at all. This dark ocean layer is called the midnight zone or the aphotic zone
12: What is a limiting factor in ecosystems? A limiting factor is any environmental factor that restricts the ecological niche of an organism. Limiting factors are based on the law of supply and demand. Those factors (resources) whose supply is less than demand can influence the distribution of species within a community. Examples of limiting factors include soil, minerals, temperature extremes, and water availability.
13: What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
The most important factors are :
- Light
- Dissolved gases
- Temperature
- Acid-base balance
- Salinity
- Hydrostatic pressure
- Dissolved nutrients
Feeding relationship, Crowding, Metabolic waste and Defense of territory .
15: Define the following zones:
Euphotic: This bright ocean layer is called the sunlit zone or the euphotic zone
Disphotic: The middle layer of the world's oceans receives only faint, filtered sunlight during the daytime. This is because the seawater absorbs the sunlight. This barely-lit ocean layer is called the twilight zone or the disphotic zone
Aphotic: The deepest layer of the world's oceans gets no sunlight at all. This dark ocean layer is called the midnight zone or the aphotic zone
16: Define the following nutrient transports:
Diffusion:
mixing due to random molecular movements
Osmosis:
diffusion of water through a membrane
Active Transport:
transport of substance against a concentration gradient.
18: What are the major zones of the ocean?
The major zones of the ocean are the light Zones, Habitat Zones, and the Lifestyle Zones.
19: What is natural selection?
Carolus Linnaeuswas one of the first to use the system of natural classification. He developed the classification system based on hierarchy, and system of scientific names for organisms.
20: Who was Carolus Linnaeus? What did he do?
Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist who started our modern system of classification.
1. He classified organisms according to similarities in structure - logical today, but unusual then.
2. He started the seven levels of classification: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
3. He began giving living things two-part scientific names based on Latin. The term for this is binomial nomenclature. The first name is the genus; the second is the species.
4. He named countless species. Look in any field guide. The L. after the scientific name tells us that the name was given by Linnaeus.
21: What is taxonomy?
the branch of science concerned with classification, esp. of organisms; systematics.
22: What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
The six kingdoms are Fungi, Arimalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. They are divided into two different sections as eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.
Exploring the Ocean Zones and label the following zones:
*Light Zones
- T he ocean can be divided from its surface to its depth into three zones based on the amount of light received.
.Sunlit Zone .Twilight Zone .Midnight Zone
* Habitat Zones
The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life .Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea .A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species
*Lifestyle Zones
Organisms classified according to lifestyle are divided into three major groups. The plankton are the drifters (which also include the neuston while at the surface), nekton live in the water column, and benthic organisms live on or in the sea floor.
Draw, label and describe each of the zones of ocean below:
Diffusion:
mixing due to random molecular movements
Osmosis:
diffusion of water through a membrane
Active Transport:
transport of substance against a concentration gradient.
18: What are the major zones of the ocean?
The major zones of the ocean are the light Zones, Habitat Zones, and the Lifestyle Zones.
19: What is natural selection?
Carolus Linnaeuswas one of the first to use the system of natural classification. He developed the classification system based on hierarchy, and system of scientific names for organisms.
20: Who was Carolus Linnaeus? What did he do?
Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist who started our modern system of classification.
1. He classified organisms according to similarities in structure - logical today, but unusual then.
2. He started the seven levels of classification: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
3. He began giving living things two-part scientific names based on Latin. The term for this is binomial nomenclature. The first name is the genus; the second is the species.
4. He named countless species. Look in any field guide. The L. after the scientific name tells us that the name was given by Linnaeus.
21: What is taxonomy?
the branch of science concerned with classification, esp. of organisms; systematics.
22: What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
The six kingdoms are Fungi, Arimalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. They are divided into two different sections as eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.
Exploring the Ocean Zones and label the following zones:
*Light Zones
- T he ocean can be divided from its surface to its depth into three zones based on the amount of light received.
.Sunlit Zone .Twilight Zone .Midnight Zone
* Habitat Zones
The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life .Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea .A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species
*Lifestyle Zones
Organisms classified according to lifestyle are divided into three major groups. The plankton are the drifters (which also include the neuston while at the surface), nekton live in the water column, and benthic organisms live on or in the sea floor.
Draw, label and describe each of the zones of ocean below: